This is a combination of multiple surveys across several hydro user groups in the U.S. and Canada. In the individual surveys as well as the combined data, SHORTAGE OF WORKERS is clearly the most pressing challenge facing the hydro industry in the next 3-5 years. This was not surprising as one of the key findings of the 2022 Ear to the River survey was that “75% of respondents said the retirement of skilled craft/trade and engineering talent was a “major or moderate” concern.” Given this concern, the Ear to the River survey focused additional questions on understanding where the current workforce came from as well as what companies are doing to find the workforce of tomorrow.